LATEST UPDATION - 16/11/2015 7.15 pm (Appended at the end of this page )
17/11/2015 10.45 pm night
30/11/2015 6.30 pm

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RRB-PO/ASSISTANTS INTERVIEW -2015

LIST OF RRBs OPERATING IN HINDI SPEAKING STATES

1	Central Madhya Pradesh Gramin bank	Central bank of India	Chhindwara	MP
2	Madhyanchal Gramin Bank	State Bank of India	Saugar	MP
3	Narmada Jhabua Gramin Bank	Bank of India	Indore	MP
1	Chhattisgarh rajya gramin bank	State Bank of India	Raipur	CG
1	Bihar Gramin bank	UCo Bank	Begusarai	Bihar
2	Madhya Bihar Gramin bank	PNB	Patna	Bihar
3	Uttar Bihar Gramin bank	Central Bank of India	Mujaffarpur	Bihar
1	Sarva Haryana Gramin bank	PNB	Rohtak	Haryana
1	Himachal Pradesh gramin bank	PNB	Mandi	Himachal Pradesh
1	Jharkhand Gramin bank	Bank of india	Ranchi	Jharkhand
1	Baroda Rajsthan Gramin bank	Bank of Baroda	Ajmer	Rajasthan
2	Marudhara Rajsthan Gramin bank	SBBJ	Jodhpur	Rajasthan
1	Uttarakhand Gramin bank	State bank of india	Dehradun	Uttarakhand
1	Allahabad UP Gramin bank	Allahabad Bank	Banda	UP
2	Baroda UP Gramin bank	Bank of Baroda	Raibareli	UP
3	Gramin bank of Aryavrat	Bank of India	Lucknow	UP
4	Kashi Gomti Samyut Gramin bank	Union Bank of India	Varanasi	UP
5	Prathama bank	Syndicate Bank	Moradabad	UP
6	Poorvanchal Bank	State Bank of India	Gorakhpur	UP
7	Sarv UP Gramin bank	PNB	Merrut	UP

20

CENTRAL MADHYA PRADESH GRAMIN BANK

SPONSOR BANK – CENTRAL BANK OF INDIA

HEAD OFFICE – CHHINDWARA

CHAIRMAN – SHRI VIVEK KUMAR

CAPITAL – 247 Crores

Deposits – 5582 crore

Loans – 3275 crore

Central Madhya Pradesh Gramin Bank was constituted on 08-10-2012 under Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976, by amalgamating erstwhile Satpura Narmada Kshetriya Gramin Bank, Vidhisha Bhopal Kshetriya Gramin Bank and Mahakaushal Kshetriya Gramin Bank.The Head Office of the Bank is situated in Chhindwara.Central Madhya Pradesh Gramin Bank, the biggest Regional Rural Bank of Madhya Pradesh, serve the people of the State through the strong network of 451 Branches spread over in 25 districts of MP viz. Hosangabad, Mandla, Umaria, Ratlam, Bhind, Gwalior, Raisen, Balaghat, Seoni, Anuppur, Mandsaur, Morena, Datia, Harda, Dindori, Shahdol, Betul, Neemuch, Sheopur, Chhindwara, Vidisha, Bhopal, Katni, Jabalpur and Narsinghpur.

MADHYANCHAL GRAMIN BANK

SPONSOR BANK – STATE BANK OF INDIA

HEAD OFFICE – SAGAR

CHAIRMAN – R. RAMKRISHNAN

CAPITAL – 103 Crore

Deposits – 5328 crore

Loans – 2059 crore

दिनांक 01.11.2012 को भारत शासन के गजट के असाधारण राजपत्र ॥ सेक्शन 3 सब सेक्शन (ii) में वित्त मंत्रालय के वित्तीय सेवा प्रभाग द्वारा प्रकाशित नोटिफिकेशन के द्वारा क्षेत्रीय ग्रामीण बैंक अधिनियम 1976 (1976 का 23 वाँ) के अंतर्गत स्थापित मध्य भारत ग्रामीण बैंक प्रधान कार्यालय सागर (म. प्र.) (प्रायोजक बैंक भारतीय स्टेट बैंक), रीवा-सीधी ग्रामीण बैंक प्रधान कार्यालय रीवा (म.प्र.) (प्रायोजक बैंक यूनियन बैंक आफ इंडिया) एंव शारदा ग्रामीण बैंक प्रधान कार्यालय सतना (म. प्र.) (प्रायोजक बैंक इलाहाबाद बैंक) को समामेलित कर मध्यांचल ग्रामीण बैंक की स्थापना की गई है।

पूर्व में भी इसी प्रकार भारतीय स्टेट बैंक द्वारा प्रायोजित तीन ग्रामीण बैंकों यथा दमोह-पन्ना-सागर क्षेत्रीय ग्रामीण बैंक, शिवपुरी-गुना क्षेत्रीय ग्रामीण बैंक एंव बुंदेलखंड ग्रामीण बैंको को दिनांक 30.06.2006 को समामेलित कर मध्य भारत ग्रामीण बैंक की स्थापना की गई थी।

मध्यांचल ग्रामीण बैंक का प्रधान कार्यालय सागर (म.प्र.) में स्थित है। मध्यांचल ग्रामीण बैंक, भारतीय स्टेट बैंक द्वारा प्रायोजित है। बैंक की पूंजी में भारत शासन का अंश 50 प्रतिशत, प्रायोजक बैंक भारतीय स्टेट बैंक का अंश 35 प्रतिशत एंव मध्य प्रदेश शासन का 15 प्रतिशत अंश है। मध्य प्रदेश के बारह जिले यथा दमोह, सागर, शिवपुरी, गुना, अशोकनगर, टीकमगढ, छतरपुर, पन्ना, सतना, रीवा, सीधी एंव सिंगरौली मध्यांचल ग्रामीण बैंक का कार्यक्षेत्र है। NO. OF BRANCHES – 430.

NARMADA JHABUA KSHETRIYA GRAMIN BANK

SPONSOR BANK – BANK OF INDIA

HEAD OFFICE – INDORE

CHAIRMAN – K.V.RAGHVENDRA

Deposits – 4205 crore

Loans – 3563 Crore

Total branches -353

Districts – Agar Malwa, Alirajpur, Barwani, Burhanpur, Dewas , Dhar , Indore, Jhabua ,Khandwa, Khargone, Rajgarh,Sehore, Shajapur, Ujjain

Narmada Jhabua Gramin bank was constituted on 1-11-2012 by merging Narmada Malwa Gramin bank and Dhar Jhabua Gramin bank with its head office at Indore covering 14 districts and 353 branches.

REGIONAL RURAL BANKS

Overview
Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) were established in 1975 under the provisions of the Ordinance promulgated on the 26th September 1975 and followed by Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976 with a view to develop the rural economy and to create a supplementary channel to the 'Cooperative Credit Structure' with a view to enlarge institutional credit for the rural and agriculture sector.
The Government of India, the concerned State Government and the bank, which had sponsored the RRB contributed to the share capital of RRBs in the proportion of 50%, 15% and 35%, respectively. The area of operation of the RRBs is limited to notified few districts in a State. The RRBs mobilise deposits primarily from rural/semi-urban areas and provide loans and advances mostly to small and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers , rural artisans and other segments of priority sector.
The RBI in 2001 constituted a Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr V S Vyas on “Flow of Credit to Agriculture and Related Activities from the Banking System” which examined relevance of RRBs in the rural credit system and the alternatives for making it viable. The consolidation process thus was initiated in the year 2005 as an off-shoot of Dr Vyas Committee Recommendations. First phase of amalgamation was initiated Sponsor Bank-wise within a State in 2005 and the second phase was across the Sponsor banks within a State in 2012. The process was initiated with a view to provide better customer service by having better infrastructure, computerization, experienced work force, common publicity and marketing efforts etc. The amalgamated RRBs also benefit from larger area of operation, enhanced credit exposure limits for high value and diverse banking activities. As a result of amalgamation, number of the RRBs has been reduced from 196 to 64 as on 31 March 2013. The number of branches of RRBs increased to 17856 as on 31 March 2013 covering 635 districts throughout the country.

Total no. of RRBs at present – 56
RRBs and Cooperative banks are supervised by NABARD but regulated by RBI . So regulator of RRBs is RBI .
Regulator of Cooprative banks is RBI and respective state Registrar of Cooperative societies.
Year ending date for NABARD and RRBs is 31^st March but for RBI it is 30 June .
Regulator for SHG is NABARD and Mudra bank will regulate MFIs.

The Regional Rural Banks (Amendment) Bill, 2014-15

The Regional Rural Banks (Amendment) Bill, 2014 was introduced by the Minister of Finance, Mr. Arun Jaitley, in Lok Sabha on December 18, 2014. The Bill seeks to amend the Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976.

The Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976 mainly provides for the incorporation, regulation and winding up of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs).

Sponsor banks: The Act provides for RRBs to be sponsored by banks. These sponsor banks are required to (i) subscribe to the share capital of RRBs, (ii) train their personnel, and (iii) provide managerial and financial assistance for the first five years. The Bill removes the five year limit, thus allowing such assistance to continue beyond this duration.

Authorised capital: The Act provides for the authorised capital of each RRB to be Rs five crore. It does not permit the authorised capital to be reduced below Rs 25 lakh. The Bill seeks to raise the amount of authorised capital to Rs 2,000 crore and states that it cannot be reduced below Rs one crore.

Issued capital: The Act allows the central government to specify the capital issued by a RRB, between Rs 25 lakh and Rs one crore. The Bill requires that the capital issued should be at least Rs one crore.

Shareholding: The Act mandates that of the capital issued by a RRB, 50% shall be held by the central government, 15% by the concerned state government and 35% by the sponsor bank. The Bill allows RRBs to raise their capital from sources other than the central and state governments, and sponsor banks. In such a case, the combined shareholding of the central government and the sponsor bank cannot be less than 51%. Additionally, if the shareholding of the state government in the RRB is reduced below 15%, the central government would have to consult the concerned state government.

The Bill states that the central government may by notification raise or reduce the limit of shareholding of the central government, state government or the sponsor bank in the RRB. In doing so, the central government may consult the state government and the sponsor bank. The central government is required to consult the concerned state government when reducing the limit of shareholding of the state government in the RRB.

Board of directors: The Act specifies the composition of the Board of Directors of the RRB to include a Chairman and directors to be appointed through the central government, NABARD, sponsor bank, Reserve Bank of India, etc. The Bill states that any person who is a director of an RRB is not eligible to be on the Board of Directors of another RRB.

The Bill also adds a provision for directors to be elected by shareholders based on the total amount of equity share capital issued to such shareholders. If the equity share capital issued to shareholders is 10% or less, one director shall be elected by such shareholders. Two directors shall be elected by shareholders where the equity share capital issued to them is from 10% to 25%. Three directors shall be elected in case of equity share capital issued being 25% or above. If required, the central government can also appoint an officer to the board of directors to ensure effective functioning of the RRB.

The Act specifies the term of office of a director (excluding the Chairman) to be not more than two years. The Bill raises this tenure to three years. The Bill also states that no director can hold office for a total period exceeding six years.

Closure and balancing of books: As per the Act, the books of a RRB should be closed and balanced as on December 31 every year. The Bill changes this date to March 31 to bring the Act in uniformity with the financial year.

NABARD

Chairman – Harsh Kumar Bhanwala
Authorised capital- 5000 crore

Genesis
At the instance of Government of India Reserve Bank of India (RBI), constituted a committee to review the arrangements for institutional credit for agriculture and rural development (CRAFICARD) on 30 March 1979, under the Chairmanship of Shri B.Sivaraman, former member of Planning Commission, Government of India to review the arrangements for institutional credit for agriculture and rural development. The Committee, in its interim report, submitted on 28 November 1979, felt the need for a new organisational device for providing undivided attention, forceful direction and pointed focus to the credit problems arising out of integrated rural development and recommended the formation of National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development(NABARD). The Parliament, through Act,61 of 1981, approved the setting up of NABARD. The bank came into existence on 12 July 1982 by transferring the agricultural credit functions of RBI and refinance functions of the then Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation (ARDC). NABARD was dedicated to the service of the nation by the late Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi on 05 November 1982.
NABARD was set up with an initial capital of

100 crore. Consequent to the revision in the composition of share capital between Government of India and RBI, the paid up capital as on 31 March 2015, stood at

5000 crore with Government of India holding

4,980 crore (99.60%) and Reserve Bank of India 20.00 crore (0.40%).
Mission
Promote sustainable and equitable agriculture and rural prosperity through effective credit support, related services, institution development and other innovative initiatives

Role

NABARD:

serves as an apex financing agency for the institutions providing investment and production credit for promoting the various developmental activities in rural areas
takes measures towards institution building for improving absorptive capacity of the credit delivery system, including monitoring, formulation of rehabilitation schemes, restructuring of credit institutions, training of personnel, etc.
co-ordinates the rural financing activities of all institutions engaged in developmental work at the field level and maintains liaison with Government of India, State Governments, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and other national level institutions concerned with policy formulation
undertakes monitoring and evaluation of projects refinanced by it.

NABARD's refinance is available to State Co-operative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks (SCARDBs), State Co-operative Banks (SCBs), Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), Commercial Banks (CBs) and other financial institutions approved by RBI. While the ultimate beneficiaries of investment credit can be individuals, partnership concerns, companies, State-owned corporations or co-operative societies, production credit is generally given to individuals.
NABARD has its head office at Mumbai, India

SOME INFORMATION ABOUT RURAL ACTIVITIES.

India , largest producer of milk and milk products in the world.

India is second largest producer of rice 121 mt after china 197 mt in 2010.

India is the second largest producer of wheat after china.

In 2010 world production of wheat was 651 million tons, making it the third most-produced cereal after maize (844 million tons) and rice (672 million tons).

UP is the largest wheat producer state in india.

Uttar Pradesh is the largest milk producing State of the country

West Bengal is the largest rice producer in india 15.80% of total indian yield.

Madhya pradesh is the largest producer of soyabeen in india.

Brazil was the largest producer of sugar cane in the world. The next five major producers, in decreasing amounts of production, were India, China, Thailand, Pakistan and Mexico.

Maharashtra is the top sugar producing state in india.

India has lost its premier position in tea production to China in 2009.

Assam is the largest producer of tea in india.

India lacks cold storage, food packaging as well as safe and efficient rural transport system. This causes one of the world's highest food spoilage rates, particularly during Indian monsoons and other adverse weather conditions. Food travels to the Indian consumer through a slow and inefficient chain of traders.

Horticulture is a generic term, which encompasses cultivation of fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, plantation crops, medicinal and aromatic plants, roots and tuber plants, cashews etc

Organic farming is the form of agriculture that relies on techniques such as crop rotation, green manure, compost and biological pest control. Organic farming uses fertilizers and pesticides but excludes or strictly limits the use of manufactured (synthetic) fertilizers, pesticides (which include herbicides, insecticides and fungicides), plant growth regulators such as hormones, livestock antibiotics, food additives, genetically modified organisms,^[1] human sewage sludge, and nanomaterials.^[2]

In agriculture, a green manure is a type of cover crop grown primarily to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil. Typically, a green manure crop is grown for a specific period of time, and then ploughed under and incorporated into the soil while green or shortly after flowering.

Alluvial soils prevails in river basins and deltas suits well for cultivation of rice maize,groundnut, sugarcane,sunflower,cotton etc.

Black cotton soil suits crops such as cotton , sorghum,millets,pulses,soyabean etc.

Red soils mainly suits to many agricultural and horticultural crops.

Lateite soils are well suited for cultivation of cashew,coconut and coffee. However these are mainly used as bulding material.

The geographical area that collects all the water that falls on it into a single stream or river is called a ‘watershed’. A watershed is thus a natural demarcation of the land, and the appropriate unit for many development activities.

Watershed development refers to the conservation regeneration and the judicious use of all the resources – natural ( like land, water plants, animals) and human – within the watershed area. Watershed Management tries to bring about the best possible balance in the environment between natural resources on the one side and man and animals on the other. Since it is the man which is primarily responsible for degradation of environment, regeneration and conservation can only be possible by promoting awakening and participation among the people who inhabit the watersheds
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (Italian: Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura) is a specialised agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. FAO is also a source of knowledge and information, and helps developing countries and countries in transition modernize and improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices, ensuring good nutrition and food security for all.
Presently agriculture sector provides employment to about 52% of the workforce of the country. "Currently the agriculture contribution in the gross domestic product (GDP) was 14.8%"

Facts about M.P

1. Formation of madhya pradesh took place in 1st NOV 1956.

2. Name Madhya pradesh was given by J.L Nehru.

3. formation of Chhatisgarh as a 26th state took place in 1st nov 2000.

4. Capital of M.P is Bhopal and business capital is Indore..

11. M.P. has 10 division(sambhag) latest is shahdol.

12. M.P. has 51 districts, latest is Agar Malwa separated from shajapur district.

13. Sex ratio of M.P. is 930/1000 according to 2011 census.

15. M.P has 46 janjatiya in which Gond is most common. Native of Jabalpur area Gonds are the biggest tribal community followed by Bhils in jhabua.

17. Literacy rate is 70.63% in M.P. Male literacy is 80.53% and female literacy is 60.02%.

18. Area wise M.P is second largest state having 3,08,245 square km.

स्थान	जैसा कि इसके नाम से पता चलता है कि मध्येप्रदेश, भारत के बिल्कुल मध्य‍ में स्थित है, राज्य की सीमा पांच अन्य राज्यों से जुडी हुई है जैसे – उत्तर-पश्चिम में राजस्थान, उत्तर में उत्तर प्रदेश, पश्चिम में गुजरात, दक्षिण में महाराष्ट्र और उत्तर-पूर्व में छत्तीसगढ़।
क्षेत्र	मालवा, निमाड़, बुन्देरलखण्ड, बघेलखण्ड , चम्बल और महाकौशल।
मुख्य फसल	सोयाबीन, गेहूँ, धान, ज्वार, मक्का, चना, मसूर, तुअर, सरसो।
नदियां	नर्मदा, चम्बल, माही, ताप्ती, बेतवा, सोन, बाणगंगा, केन, पेंच, तवा और क्षिप्रा।

Narmada and tapti are two rivers which flows westwards ending up in gujrat sea coast. All others flow eastward to bay of Bengal.

• Governor	Ram Naresh Yadav
• Chief Minister	Shivraj Singh Chauhan (BJP)
• High Court	Madhya Pradesh High Court Jabalpur

· Black Soil, most predominantly in Malwa region.

Governors of Madhya Pradesh

#	Name	Took Office	Left Office
1	Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya	1 November 1956	13 June 1957
2	Hari Vinayak Pataskar	14 June 1957	10 February 1965

· First Chief minister was Shri Ravi shankar shukla

MADHYA PRADESH

Geographical area – 3,08,000 sq km. , District -51 , Lok sabha seats -29, vidhan sabha seats – 230, Rajya sabha seats- 11 Total population -7,26,27000 seven crore +
राज्य के अधिकांश लोगों का आजीविका का साधन कृषि है। लगभग 150.75 लाख हेक्टेतयर क्षेत्र खेती के अंतर्गत आता है और कुल कार्यरत जनसंख्या का लगभग 70 प्रतिशत कृषि क्षेत्र पर निर्भर है।
मुख्य पर्वत श्रृंखलाएं – विन्ध्याचल एवं सतपुड़ा
There are 9 National Parks and 25 Sanctuaries.Important national park being Kanha, bandhavgarh, pench, panna, satpura etc.
State animal – barasingha , bird –dudhraj , flower –while lily, fruit – Mango , Tree- Banyan
GDP growth 2014-15 Second highest in Indian states. 10.19% . Only Pudduchery with 11.54 is ahead of Madhya Pradesh.
Madhya Pradesh is now a power surplus state ensuring 24x7 power supply under Atal Jyoti scheme to all distiricts.
Madhya Pradesh has bagged Krishi Karman award for 2013-14 for excelling in wheat production. State has been has been conferred with the award in 2011 and 2012 for excelling in food grains production. With this MP has won the prestigious award for the third consecutive year. Increase in irrigation capacity, and availability of power are among the main reasons that led to improved agriculture performance by the state for the third successive year.
MP has achieved a 20.15 % increase in wheat productivity and average increase of 29.76 % quintal per hectare. In year 2012-13, Madhya Pradesh become second sate in wheat production leaving behind Haryana in year 2012-13 and Punjab in year 2013-14, release added..
Madhya Pradesh Government led by Chief Minister, Shivraj Singh Chouhan had introduced the concept of zero per cent short-term loan for farmers for the first time in the country on July 14, 2012, through cooperative banks.
Economics of zero % loan to farmers. At first Central Govt. provides an incentive of 2% subvention to banks , if they provide short term crop loans to farmers (up to maximum of Rs.3,00,000/-) at 7% interest. Then an additional subvention of 3% is given by Central Govt. to the farmers who repay loans within one year , which makes it on 4%. Over and above this , state governments provide further subvention of 1 to 4% bringing it to zero %.

Narmada Kshipra link project

On the occasion of Narmada Jayanti on February 6, the river was successfully linked with Kshipra. The Narmada-Kshipra project will be formally inaugurated around February 25. The first phase was completed with the investment of Rs. 432 crore.

In the next phase other three rivers which will be linked with narmada are Gambhir, Kalisindh and Parvati .

Purpose – 1) Regular and clean water flow in kshipra for religious devotees visiting ramghat throughout the year, specially in simhastha 2016. 2) improving irrigation facilities and ground water table of Malwa region. 3) providing clean drinking water to all villages and cities which comes in the route of these rivers.

Kshipra emerges from small hill at ujjaini village near indore. Narmada water was lifted 350 meters upward (through pumps) from sisliya reservoir (on narmada river) and released into the origin place of kshipra.

Narmada water will flow through Kshipra, which merges with chambal , chambal with yamuna and yamuna with Ganga making a confluence of five sacred rivers.

International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON).
ISKCON is a religious movement that also identifies itself as The Hare Krishna Movement™. ISKCON belongs to the Gaudiya-Vaishnava sampradaya, a monotheistic tradition within the Vedic and Hindu cultural traditions.
founded by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, based on the teachings of the Bhagavad-gita, the spiritual teachings spoken by Lord Krishna.
Kalidas samaroh
kalidas samaroh -2013 was held from 4^th Feb to 10^th feb 2014 . delayed because of election scheduled in Madhya Pradesh.

First kalidasa Samaroh 1958 at Ujjain was inaugurated by late of India Dr. Rajendra Prasad and the occasion turned out to be an important in the cultural history of India

Kalidas
His place in Sanskrit literature is akin to that of Shakespeare in English.^[1] His plays and poetry are primarily based on Hindu mythology and philosophy
PLAYS :Abhigyan shankuntalam , Malvikagnimitram, Vikramovashium
POETRY: Meghdootam, ,Raghuvansham, Ritusanhar,Kumar-shambhav

The region includes the Madhya Pradesh districts of Dewas, Dhar, Indore, Jhabua, Mandsaur, Neemuch, Rajgarh, Ratlam, Shajapur, Ujjain, and parts of Guna and Sehore, and the Rajasthan districts of Jhalawar and parts of Banswara and Chittorgarh. Malwa is bounded in the north-east by the Hadoti region, in the north-west by the Mewar region, in the west by the Vagad region and Gujarat. Politically and administratively, the definition of Malwa is sometimes extended to include the Nimar region south of the Vindhyas. Geologically, the Malwa Plateau generally refers to the volcanic upland south of the Vindhyas, which includes the Malwa region and extends east to include the upper basin of the Betwa and the headwaters of the Dhasan and Ken rivers. The region has a tropical climate with dry deciduous forests that are home to a number of tribes, most important of them being the Bhils. The culture of the region has had influences from Gujarati, Rajasthani and Marathi cultures. Malwi is the most commonly used language, especially in rural areas, while Hindi is widely understood in cities. Major places of tourist interest include Ujjain, Mandu, Maheshwar, Onkareshwar and Indore.
The first significant kingdom in the region was Avanti, an important power in western India by around 500 BC, when it was annexed by the Maurya Empire. The 5th-century Gupta period was a golden age in the history of Malwa. The dynasties of the Parmaras, the Malwa sultans, and the Marathas have ruled Malwa at various times. The region has given the world prominent leaders in the arts and sciences, including the poet and dramatist Kalidasa, the author Bhartrihari, the mathematicians and astronomers Varahamihira and Brahmagupta, and the polymath king Bhoja
They are called JYOTIRLINGA because Lord Shiva is said to have revealed himself to his devotees in the form of Jyoti i.e. light. Even today devotees are said to have got his darshan in the form of jyoti at these places.
One of the 12 Jyotirlingas in India, the lingam at the Mahakala is believed to be swayambhu (born of itself) deriving currents of power shakti) from within itself as against the other images and lingams which are ritually established and invested with mantra-shakti.
Thus, the Sapta Puri represents seven holy cities of Ayodhya, Dwarka, Haridwar, Ujjain, Kanchipuram, Mathura and varanasi

A great devout center on the banks of river Shipra, Ujjain, in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh is regarded as a sacred place since time immemorial. A holy city, which found its mention in the ancient Hindu scriptures as Avantika, Ujjain positioned in equal terms with other major religious centers. Later the name was changed to Ujjayini, which literally means the glorious conqueror.

One among the seven sacred cities of the Hindus, Ujjain has been a high-flying center of spiritual activities for over 2,000 years. The sacredness of this township is attributed by the mythological legend that during ‘Sagar Mathan’, one drop of nectar spilled over Ujjain, which makes it a sacred place. Whatever be the truth behind this, Ujjain has got a considerable position in the Vedas and it is believed that two parts of Skanda Purana, are supposed to have been composed here.

Ruined sculptures and monasteries have been found sprinkled around Ujjain, leading to the credence that Buddhism thrived here in the 4th century. A glut of these, along with ruined temples and old remnants of houses found in the district take the visitor to the historic reign of the Mauryan Empire. Ujjain’s relevance is not constrained to the small circle of a religious place. Apart from that, this city was a haven of astronomers, and great poets. Besides this Ujjain was ruled over by many greatest rulers who have given out their best to this historic city. The illustrious kings of the Gupta dynasty whose reign is considered as the golden rule of India belonged to Ujjain.

Festive occasions and fairs play a significant role in the lives of people in Ujjain. An ancient religious centre, Ujjain is famous for the Kumbh Mela, and Shivaratri. Today the city presents a unique blend of glorious past with the vibrancy of modernity. A plethora of ruined temples, damaged sculptures, ancient monasteries along with attractive monuments and a serene ambience, Ujjain provides unlimited opportunities of exploration. Mahakaleshwar Temple, cited by the great poet Kalidasa in his works, is dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is one of the 12 Jyotirlingas in India. The temple is a five-storied massive structure and its carved motives displays the Rajput style of architecture while screens and pavilions combined with marble colonnades reminds the influence of Mughal style. The deity here is called Dakshinamurtias since the idol is facing southwards. The idol of Mahakaleshwar is known to be dakshinamurti, facing the South. This is a unique feature, upheld by tantric tradition to be found only in Mahakaleshwar among the 12 jyotirlingas.

Bhasm Arti, one of the important ritual of this temple is a symbolic representation of Death and Life. This unusual sacrament that involves smearing the linga with hot ashes from the burning ghats is a mark of respect the Destroyer of the universe, Lord Shiva. The Mahakaleshwar Temple is undeniably a treasured place and a sculptural glee to the visitor

The Ancient Indian Tradition of gurukul imparts education to students irrespective of their wealth or poverty. Besides a variety of subjects and ancient scriptures, in gurukul, students were taught battle techniques and spiritualism. From the vedic period itself, Ujjain was a reputed center of learning.

Sandipani Ashram is a famous hermitage situated in Ujjain, where Lord Krishna spent his formative years until adolescence. Sandipani, the saint in the hermitage, taught Krishna and Balarama, here in this Ashram.

The Ashram situates adjacent to so many remarkable spots, which are closely associated with lord Krishna. Another important feature of this ashram is that the supporters of Vallabha sect regard this place as the 73rd seat of Vallabhacharya where he conveyed his speeches throughout India. Sandipani Ashram and its serene surroundings provides a divine feeling to all those who wish to be in tranquil ambience.

Ujjain was the hub of all activities of Hindu astronomers and astrologers from ancient times, which paved the way for establishment of an observatory in the 17th century. In local phraseology this observatory is called as Jantar Mantar, which is a plagiaristic form of Yantra and Mantra.

Vedh Shala observatory lies to the southeast of the town and consists of four monuments. The first one is a 22 feet high Samrata Yantra, which was used to calculate the time. The Equinoctial days are calculated with the help of the second instrument by name Nadi Walaya Yantra. The position of stars and planets are calculated with the help of the third instrument, Dignasha Yantra. Bhitti Yantra helps to calculate the declination of the sun and the distance of the zenith.

The observatory, which houses a planetarium and a telescope, is a hot spot for stargazers and curious public.

12 jyotirlings

2 Gujrat dwaraka and somnath

1 uttarakhand kedarnath

2 MP MAHAKALESHWAR, Onkareshwar

3 Mharahstra triamkeshwar, grishneshwar, Bhimashankar

1 AP shri shailam

1 Tamilnadu Rameshwaram

1 UP varanasi

1 Jharkhand Deoghar baijnath

Vikramaditya (Sanskrit: विक्रमादित्य) (102 BCE to 15 CE) was a legendary emperor of Ujjain, India, famed for his wisdom, valour and magnanimity. The title "Vikramaditya" was later assumed by many other kings in Indian history, notably the Gupta King Chandragupta II and Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya (popularly known as 'Hemu'). The name King Vikramaditya is a Sanskrit tatpurusha, from विक्रम (vikrama) meaning "valour" and आदित्य Āditya, son of Aditi. One of the most famous sons of Aditi, or Adityas, was Surya the sun god; hence, Vikramaditya means Surya, translating to "(One) Of valour equal to the Sun". He is also called Vikrama or Vikramarka (Sanskrit arka meaning the Sun).
The Indian tradition claims that Dhanwanthari, Kshapanaka, Amarasimha, Shankhu, Khatakarpara, Kalidasa, Vetalbhatt (or Vetalabhatta), Vararuchi, and Varahamihira were a part of Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain. The king is said to have had nine such men of letters, called the "nava-ratna" (literally, Nine Gems
In the Hindu tradition in India and Nepal, the widely used ancient calendar is Vikrama Samvat or Vikrama's era. This is said to have been started by the legendary king following his victory over the Sakas in 56 BCE.

Since Ujjain is one of the oldest cities in India, it has been known by many names:^[1]

[edit] Geography

Ujjain is situated on the Malwa Plateau in Central India. The soil is black and stony. The vegetation is typical of arid regions with thorny trees like babul and acacia dominating the landscape. Soybean, wheat, jowar and bajra are the main crops grown.
Ujjain is situated on a special geographical location from where tropic of cancer passes. It is the GMT of india for hindu kal ganana in panchang.
Ujjain is located at

23°10′58″N 75°46′38″E / 23.182778°N 75.777222°E.^[2] It has an average elevation of 491 metres (1610 ft).

[edit] Demographics (Old figures)

As of 2011^[update] India census,^[3] Ujjain had a population of 515215. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Ujjain has an average literacy rate of 84.43, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 89.66, and female literacy is 78.9%. In Ujjain, 13% of the population is under 7 years of age.

[edit] Climate

Ujjain experiences typical climate conditions of the interior Indian subcontinent. The summer months (April–June) are harsh with temperatures reaching up to 45°C. In addition, hot winds (called loo) may blow in the afternoons, worsening the heat. The winter months (Nov.–Feb.) are pleasant and cool with daytime temperatures typically 20°C, though it may drop to subzero in the night. The monsoon typically arrives in late June and the months of June till September receive moderate to heavy rainfall. There are periods of rainfall followed by long periods of bright sunshine and high humidity. The month of October generally is very warm and with high humidity.

[edit] Administrative

Ujjain city has two legislative assembly zones, known as Ujjain North and Ujjain South. For Parliamentary purposes it is treated as one seat

[edit] Economy

The economy of Ujjain is mainly dependent on the agricultural activities of the nearby villages. Two main crops are grown each year: wheat as the major Rabi crop, soyabean as the major Kharif crop. Ujjain agriculture is sensitive to changes in rainfall and failure of monsoon cycles can lay a devastating toll on agriculture and the local economy.
Ujjain was previously a centre of the textile industry with a number of textile mills in and around the city. These mills have since closed, unemploying hundreds. Religious tourism is also a contributor to the economy, especially during the Simhasta Mela.
The business for small traders is booming because of money brought in by the young professionals working in MNC's in other cities. Because of this many shopping complex and developmental projects are coming in the city.
Number of new infrastructure projects are under construction. Major investments are planned by some of the leading companies in steel sector (like SAIL) to utilize Ujjain as a base for regional supply. With cheaper land & labour costs Ujjain is creating enough attention for new investments.
Ujjain also generate huge Revenue from economy boost by holy fair of Kumbh Mela localy known as Simhastha.

Transport

Ujjain is well-connected by rail, air and road. It is on the Western Railway and is connected by direct train to most major Indian cities (Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat, Lucknow, Jaipur, Kanpur, Nagpur, Patna, Indore, Jabalpur, Bhopal Junction, Coimbatore, Mysore, Thiruvananthapuram, Jodhpur, Udaipur, Varanasi, Bhubaneshwar, Jammu, Agra, Kota, Rajkot etc).
Ujjain has air strip. The nearest airport is Indore Airport, which has daily flights to Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Pune, Ahemdabad, Bangalore, Nagpur, Raipur, Bhopal, Jabalpur.
The road network is developed with other parts of Madhya Pradesh. Private buses ply on these roads, though it is best to take your own vehicle for short distances.
Ujjain is connected to Indore through SH-27 and SH-18 Dewas-Badnawar passes through it.
An extensive network of old but inexpensive three-wheelers called tempoes serves the majority of the population. Three-wheeler auto-rickshaws are also quite popular. Recent years have seen an explosion of privately owned vehicles, especially two-wheelers unsuited for the traffic, that congest the narrow thoroughfares.

[edit] Railway Stations

There are three railway stations:

[edit] Bus Stations

Dewas Gate(main bus stand)
Nanakheda

[edit] Major Roads

Indore Road, Dewas Road, Agar Road, Badnagar Road, Maksi Road.

List of large size dam in Ujjain district : Gambhir , Kazikhedi, Devikheda, Bhainsakhdei,Bhariya , Koyalkhedi , Sahibkhedi , Nainawad, Antalwasa, Sarwankheda, Motidura, Kakodia , Bagla.

[edit] Education

Primary and secondary education in Ujjain is offered by various schools which are affiliated to one of the boards of education, such as the Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education and CBSE. Schools in Ujjain are either government run or are private (both aided and un-aided by the government).
Ujjain is well known for its university, Vikram University. It is the second oldest University in Madhya Pradesh,established in 1957. The city has one Government aided Engineering College Ujjain Engineering College (UEC) and numerous privately run Engineering and Management institues. Medical Colleges include Government aided Govt. Autonomous Dhanvantri Ayurveda College & privately held R.D.Gardi Medical College.

[edit] 84 Gods of Ujjain

There are 84 Gods of Ujjain, Chaurasi Ishwaras, out of them four are the dwarapalas of Mahakala Ujjain. The four dwarapalas are Pingaleshwara (East), Kayavarohaneshwara (South), Vilveshwara (West) and Dardareshwara (North). The Chaurasi Ishwaras are:
Agasteshwara Mahadeva, Gurihashwara Mahadeva, Dudeshwara Mahadeva, Damarukeshwara Mahadeva, Anadikalpeshwara Mahadeva, Swarnajaleshwara Mahadeva, Trivishtapeshwara Mahadeva, Kapaleshwara Mahadeva, Swargadareshwara Mahadeva, Karkoteshwara Mahadeva, Siddheshwara Mahadeva, Lokapaleshwara Mahadeva, Kameshwara Mahadeva, Kutumbeshwara Mahadeva, Indradhamneshwara Mahadeva, Ishaneshwara Mahadeva, Apsareshwara Mahadeva, Kalakaleshwara Mahadeva, Nagachandreshwara Mahadeva, Pratihareshwara Mahadeva, Kukkuteshwara Mahadeva, Karkateshwara Mahadeva, Meghanadeshwara Mahadeva, Mahalayeshwara Mahadeva, Mukteshwara Mahadeva, Someshwara Mahadeva, Anarkeshwara Mahadeva, Jateshwara Mahadeva, Rameshwara Mahadeva, Chyavaneshwara Mahadeva, Khandeshwara Mahadeva, Pantaneshwara Mahadeva, Anandeshwara Mahadeva, Kandhadeshwara Mahadeva, Indreshwara Mahadeva, Markandeshwara Mahadeva, Shiveshwara Mahadeva, Kusumeshwara Mahadeva, Akrureshwara Mahadeva, Kundeshwara Mahadeva, Lumpeshwara Mahadeva, Gangeshwara Mahadeva, Angarakeshwara Mahadeva, Uttareshwara Mahadeva, Trilochaneshwara Mahadeva, Vireshwara Mahadeva, Nripareshwara Mahadeva, Abhayeshwara Mahadeva, Prithukeshwara Mahadeva, Sthawareshwara Mahadeva, Shuleshwara Mahadeva, Onkareshwara Mahadeva, Vishvareshwara Mahadeva, Kantheshwara Mahadeva, Singheshwara Mahadeva, Revanteshwara Mahadeva, Ghanteshwara Mahadeva, Prayageshwara Mahadeva, Shrisiddheshwara Mahadeva, Matangeshwara Mahadeva, Saubhageshwara Mahadeva, Rupeshwara Mahadeva, Sahastradhanukareshwara Mahadeva, Pashupateshwara Mahadeva, Brahmeshwara Mahadeva, Jalapeshwara Mahadeva, Kedareshwara Mahadeva, Pishachamukteshwara Mahadeva, Sangameshwara Mahadeva, Duddhareshwara Mahadeva, Yageshwara Mahadeva, Chandradityeshwara Mahadeva, Karabheshwara Mahadeva, Rajasthaleshwara Mahadeva, Badaleashwara Mahadeva, Aruneshwara Mahadeva, Pushpadanteshwara Mahadeva, Abhimukteshwara Mahadeva, Hanumanteshwara Mahadeva, Shriswapneshwara Mahadeva, Pingaleshwara Mahadeva, Kayavarihaneshwara Mahadeva, Bilkeshwara Mahadeva, Durdureshwara Mahadeva,
Kalidas
His place in Sanskrit literature is akin to that of Shakespeare in English.^[1] His plays and poetry are primarily based on Hindu mythology and philosophy
PLAYS :Abhigyan shankuntalam , Malvikagnimitram, Vikramovashium POETRY: Meghdootam, ,Raghuvansham, Ritusanhar,Kumar-shambhav
Mangalnath : Regarded as the birthplace of Mars according to the Skanda Purana, Mangalanath commands a panoramic view of the shipra. Mahadev is worshipped at the temple here.

Kal BhairaV : The worship of Kal Bhairava is carried out here and the temple was noteworthy for its exquisite painting in the Malwa style, traces of which still remain. Close by is the village of Bhairogarh, famous for its ancient technique in cloth printing

Ujjain is the modern name for Ujjayini. Legend has it that in the hoary past, the God like king Shiva of Avanti commemorated his victory over the demon-ruler of Tripura or Tripuri on the banks of the Narmada by changing the name of his capital, Avantipura to Ujjayini (one who conquers with pride).

Vikram University
A famous centre of learning in the past, Ujjain continues to uphold that tradition. The establishment of the Vikram University in 1957 was an important landmark. Situated on the Dewas Road, this university plays a significant role in the literary and cultural activities of the city.

SIMHASTHA 2016 22 april 2016 to 21 may 2016

It is celebrated in a cycle of twelve years when Jupiter enters the Leo sign of the zodiac, known as Simha Rashi. Ceremonial bathing in the holy waters of Kshipra begins with the full moon day of Chaitra month and continues throughout the succeeding month of Vaishakh culminating on tenth full moon day.

Tradition calls for ten different factors to be located for the grand festival at Ujjain. According to the Puranas, the legendary churning of the ocean by the gods (Devas) and demons (Danavas) yielded, amongst other things, a jar (Kumbha) full of nectar (Amrita). Gods did not like to share it with demons. At the instance of Indra, his son Jayanta tried to run away with the jar and was naturally followed by some of the demons. During the struggle for its possession lasting over twelve days in heaven, a few drops of the nectar dropped at the four places, corresponding with Haridwar, Prayag, Ujjain and Nasik on the earth. The drops of nectar were received by the holy rivers at these places. The struggle for the possession of the nectar-jar (Amrita-Kumbha) lasted for twelve days in heaven, the equivalent time being twelve years on the earth.

The festival at the other three places is known by the more popular name Kumbha. The cycle of twelve years is common to all the four places. Different planetary positions, like the crossing of Jupiter into Leo sign and certain other conjunctions for the fair at Ujjain, are noted for the kumbha-fair at these other places also. Besides being a city of remarkable cultural traditions, Ujjain is cited among the seven cities of sacred merit in India

Ardh kumbh observed only at hardwar and Prayag. Kumbh at every third year.

The current Maha Kumbh Mela began on 14 January 2013 at Prayag.^[37] According to expectations more than 100 million people attended the 2013 Kumbh mela.

The Maha Kumbh Mela is celebrated at Prayag after 144 years (after 12 'Purna Kumbh Melas').

2010 Kumbh Mela in Haridwar (January 14 to April 28, 2010)
2013 Maha Kumbh Mela in Allahabad (January 27 to February 25, 2013).
2015 Kumbh Mela in Nashik (August 15 to September 13, 2015)
2016 Kumbh Mela in Ujjain (April 22 to May 21, 2016)

India Geography

It is the seventh-largest country in the world, with a total area of 3,166,414 square kilometres (1,222,559 sq mi).^[3] India measures 3,214 km (1,997 mi) from north to south and 2,933 km (1,822 mi) from east to west. It has a land frontier of 15,200 km (9,445 mi) and a coastline of 7,517 km (4,671 mi).

The southwest monsoon is generally expected to begin around the beginning of June and fade away by the end of September. The moisture-laden winds on reaching the southernmost point of the Indian Peninsula, due to its topography, become divided into two parts: the Arabian Sea Branch and the Bay of Bengal Branch.

Its borders with Pakistan and Bangladesh were delineated according to the Radcliffe Line, which was created in 1947 during Partition of India. West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram are the States which share the border with Bangladesh.

The Himalayas extend from Jammu and Kashmir in the north to Arunachal Pradesh in the east. These states along with Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Sikkim lie mostly in the Himalayan region. The Himalayan range is considered as the world's highest mountain range, with its tallest peak Mt. Everest (8,854 metres (29,049 ft)) on the Nepal–China border. Kanchenjunga—on the Sikkim–Nepal border—is the highest point in the area administered by India.

The Karakoram is situated in the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir. It has more than sixty peaks above 7,000 m (23,000 ft), including K2, the second highest peak in the world 8,611 m (28,251 ft). K2 is just 237 m (778 ft) smaller than the 8,848 m Mount Everest.

The Vindhya range runs across most of central India, extending 1,050 km (650 mi).Geographically, it separates northern India from southern India. The western end of the range lies in eastern Gujarat, near its border with Madhya Pradesh, and runs east and north, almost meeting the Ganges at Mirzapur.

The Satpura Range begins in eastern Gujarat near the Arabian Sea coast and runs east across Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.

The Aravali Range is the oldest mountain range in India, running across Rajasthan from northeast to southwest direction. The highest peak in this range is Guru Shikhar at Mount Abu, rising to 1,722 m (5,650 ft), lying near the border with Gujarat.

The Western Ghats or Sahyadri mountains run along the western edge of India's Deccan Plateau and separate it from a narrow coastal plain along the Arabian Sea. Anai Mudi in the Anaimalai Hills 2,695 m (8,842 ft) in Kerala is the highest peak in the Western Ghats.^[23]

The Eastern Ghats are a discontinuous range of mountains, which have been eroded and vivisected by the four major rivers of southern India, the Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna, and Kaveri.^[24] These mountains extend from West Bengal to Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, along the coast and parallel to the Bay of Bengal. The Nilgiri hills in Tamil Nadu lies at the junction of the Eastern and Western Ghats.

India shares its boundaries with 6 countries like China, Pakistan , Burma (Myanmaar),Bhutan, Bangla desh , Nepal .

Madhya Pradesh State border touches 5 state: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Chattisgarh & Maharashtra.

On 1st November 2000, the south-eastern portion of the state was split to form a new State of Chhattisgarh. Thus, the present Madhya Pradesh State came into existence, the 2nd largest state in the country, spread over a geographical area of about 308 lakh Ha. Madhya Pradesh, with an area of 3, 08, 000 sq.km. is the second largest state in India after Rajasthan.

Here is the list of bharat ratna award winners.

No.	Name	Birth Year	Death Year	Awarded Year	About
1	Shri Chakravarti Rajagopalachari	1878	1972	1954	Independence Activist, Last Governor General
2	Sir C.V Raman	1888	1970	1954	Physicist , Nobel Prize Winner ( 1930 )
3	Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan	1888	1975	1954	Philosopher, India’s First Vice President (1952-1962), and India’s Second President(1962-1967)
4	Bhagvan Das	1869	1958	1955	Independence activist, author
5	Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya	1861	1962	1955	Civil engineer, Diwan of Mysore
6	Jawaharlal Nehru	1889	1964	1955	Independence activist, author, First Prime Minister (1947-1964)
7	Govind Ballabh Pant	1887	1961	1957	Independence activist, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Home Minister
8	Dhondo Keshav Karve	1858	1962	1958	Educator, social reformer
9	Bidhan Chandra Roy	1882	1962	1961	Physician, Chief Minister Of West Bengal
10	Purushottam Das Tandon	1882	1962	1961	Independence activist, educator
11	Rajendra Prasad	1884	1963	1962	Independence activist, jurist, First President (1950-1962)
12	Zakir Hussain	1897	1969	1963	Independence activist, Scholar, Third President (1967-1969)
13	Pandurang Vaman Kane	1880	1972	1963	Indologist and Sanskrit scholar
14	Lal Bahadur Shastri	1904	1966	1966	Posthumous, independence activist, Second Prime Minister (1964-1966)
15	Indira Gandhi	1917	1984	1971	Third Prime Minister (1980-1984)
16	V.V. Giri	1894	1980	1975	Trade unionist and Fourth President (1969)
17	K. Kamaraj	1903	1975	1976	Posthumous, independence activist, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu State
18	Mother Teresa	1910	1997	1980	Catholic nun, founder of the Missionaries of Charity
19	Vinoba Bhave	1895	1982	1983	Posthumous, social reformer, independence activist
20	Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan	1890	1988	1987	First non-citizen, independence activist
21	M.G. Ramchandran	1917	1987	1988	Posthumous, film actor, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
22	B.R. Ambedkar	1891	1956	1990	Posthumous, chief architect of the Indian Constitution, politician, economist, and scholar
23	Nelson Mandela	1918	2013	1990	Second non-citizen and non-Indian recipient, Leader of the Anti-Apartheid movement
24	Rajiv Gandhi	1944	1991	1991	Posthumous, Sixth Prime Minister (1984-1989)
25	Vallabhbhai Patel	1875	1950	1991	Posthumous, independence activist, first Home Minister(1947-1950)
26	Morarji Desai	1896	1995	1991	Independence activist, fourth Prime Minister(1977-1979)
27	Abdul Kalam Azad	1888	1958	1992	Posthumous, independence activist, first Minister of Education
28	J. R. D. Tata	1904	1993	1992	Industrialist and philanthropist
29	Satyajit Ray	1922	1992	1992	Bengali Filmmaker
30	A.P.J. Abdul Kalam	1931		1997	Aeronautical Engineer,11th President of India
31	Gulzarilal Nanda	1898	1998	1997	Independence activist, interim Prime Minister
32	Aruna Asaf Ali	1908	1996	1997	Posthumous, independence activist
33	M.S. Subbulakshmi	1916	2004	1998	Carnatic classical singer
34	Chidambaram Subramaniam	1910	2000	1998	Independence activist, Minister of Agriculture
35	Jayaprakash Narayan	1902	1979	1999	Posthumous, independence activist and politician
36	Ravi Shankar	1920	2012	1999	Sitar Player
37	Amartya Sen	1933		1999	Economist
38	Gopinath Bardoloi	1890	1950	1999	Posthumous, independence activist, Chief Minister of Assam
39	Lata Mangeshkar	1929		2001	Playback singer
40	Bismillah Khan	1916	2006	2001	Hindustani Classical Shehnai Player
41	Bhimsen Joshi	1922	2011	2008	Hindustani Classical Singer
42	Sachin Tendulkar	1973		2014	Indian Cricketer, First Sportsman and Youngest Indian who got Bharat Ratna,
43	Prof. C.N.R Rao	1934		2014	Indian Scientist
44	Pt. Madan mohan malviya			2014
45	Atal Bihari Bajpai			2014

Prime ministers – Atal Bihari bajpai, Guljarilal Nanda, Rajiv Gandhi, Indira Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal bahadur shastri , Morarji Desai

Presidents – APJ Abdul kalam, S. Radhakrishnan, VV Giri, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Zakir hussain

Lady receipients – Lata Mangeshkar, M S Shubhlaxmi, Indira Gandhi, Mother teresa , Aruna asaf ali

Artists – Bhimsen joshi, Ravishankar ,Bismillah khan

Film personality- MG Ramchandran, Satyajit ray.

Foreign nationals – Nelson Mandela, Khan abdul gaffer khan

Foreign born Indian national – Mother teresa.

Madhya Pradesh Govt. Important scheme

Public Services Delivery Guarantee Act 2010

The Madhya Pradesh Public Ser vices Guarantee Act, 2010 is the first-of-its- kind in the country guaranteeing the delivery of public services to citizens in a stipulated time frame. Act wins UNPSA award for 2012 The Act has received the United Nations Public Service Award (UNPSA) for 2012 in the category'improving the delivery of Public Services', The state bagged the prestigious award from among 483 nominations from 73 countries. The United Nations Public Service Award is aprestigious international recognition of excellence in public service.

Mukhyamantri Teerth Darshan Scheme

Mukhyamantri Teerth Darshan Scheme is yet another example of the state's sincere concerns for providing support to its citizens in every possible manner. This unique scheme facilitates visits of senior citizens of any religion to religious places of his/her choice on the State Government expenses.

Beti Bachao Abhiyan

Beti Bachao Abhiyan is an initiative taken by the Government of Madhya Pradesh under the personal stewardship of the Chief Minister Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan.

The campaign is aimed at arresting the declining sex ratio, which is a serious problem with far reaching social ramifications and at eliminating discrimination against girls in the society.

The Chief Minister himself visited several places to meet people and motivate them to end the abominable practice of female foeticide. Many activities have been carried out under this campaign for educating people about the importance of saving the girl child for a healthy gender balance in the society.

PANCHAYATS" Direct Dialogue with Different Groups of Society

The State Government has made its best efforts to reach the last person of the society by way of organising panchayats.

In a path-breaking and special initiative by the Chief Minister, dialogues were held with different groups of prospective stakeholders on development issues. So far 24 Panchayats have been organised : Labourers, Cycle Rickshaw Pullers, Mandi Hammals, Vendors, Fishermen, Physically Disabled, Senior Citizens, Maid Servants, Women, Farmers, Sportspersons, Students, Artisans & Small Scale Entrepreneurs

Laadli Laxmi Yojna

This scheme was started in the year 2006 with an objective to lay strong foundation of girls' future through improvement in their educational and economic status and to bring about a positive change in social mind set towards birth of a girl. Under the scheme, National Savings Certificates worth Rs. 6 thousand are purchased by the State Government in the name of a girl every year after she is born till the amount reaches Rs. 30,000. The girl covered under the scheme is given Rs. 2 thousand on getting admission in class VI, Rs. four thousand on getting admission in class IX and Rs. 7,500 on admission in class XI.

She is given Rs. 200 per month during her studies in class XI and XII. When the girl attains the age of 21 and had not married before 18 years of age, she will be paid the amount at one time, which comes to Rs. one lakh. The benefit of the scheme is extended to the parents, who adopt family planning after two alive children and are registered in anganwadi centre and are not income tax payers.

Mukhyamantri Kanyadan Yojna

he scheme has been launched at the initiative of Chief Minister Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan. The objective is to provide financial help to poor, needy, destitute families for marrying off their daughters/widows/divorcees. Under the scheme, assistance of Rs. 15,000 is given for house hold items and the mass marriage expenditure. This assistance is given in mass marriages with the condition that the girl must have attained the age of 18 years.

First president/ Prime minister etc.

First president of India – Dr Rajendra Prasad , Longest serving president for 12 years
Current incumbent - 13^th president – Pranab Mukarjee. From 25 July 2012 , Vice president – Mohammad hamid Ansari.
First lady president – Smt. Pratibha Patil
List of presidents Dr Rajendra Prasad , Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan , Zakir hussain , V V Giri , Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, Neelam Sanjeev Reddy, Giani Jailsing , R Venkatraman , Shankar Dayal Sharma, K R Narayanan, A P J Abdul kalam , Pratibha Patil, Pranab Mukarjee .
List of Prime Minister of India, First – Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi , Morarji Desai, Charan Singh , Rajeev Gandi, V P Singh, Chandra Shekhar, P V Narsimharao , Atal Bihari Bajpai, H D Devgowda , I K Gujral, Manmohan Singh, Narendra Modi
First Finance minister of India- R K Shanmugam Chetty .
First Governor of RBI - Since its establishment in 1935 by the British colonial government, the RBI has been headed by 23 governors. The inaugural officeholder was the Britisher Sir Osborne Smith, while C. D. Deshmukh was the first Indian governor.
Dr. Manmohan Singh Governor of RBI
September 16, 1982 to January 14, 1985
Noble prizes to Indian citizens –(1) 1913 – Rabindranath tagore –literature , (2) 1930 C V Raman Physics (3) 1979 – Mother Teresa – Peace (4) 1998- Amartya Sen – Economics (5) 2014 – Kailash Satyarthi jointly with Pakistan’s Malala Yousufjai . Apart from these, some persons of Indian origin ( who at the time of awarding noble prize were citizens of other countries ) like Hargovind Khurana , S Chandrashekhar , V Ramkrishnan were also awarded.
Highest Civilian award is Bharat Ratna, followed by Padmvibhushan, Padmabhushan, Padmshree

The country is of a vast size and measures about 3,214 kilometers from north to south and about 2,933 kilometers from west to east.

· Indian Standard Time:- GMT +05:30

· Telephone Country Code:- +91

· Coastline:- 7,516.6 km encompassing the mainland, Lakshadweep Islands, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Name	Origin From	Fall into	Length (km)
Ganges	Combined Sources	Bay of Bengal	2525
Satluj	Mansarovar Rakas Lakes	Chenab	1050
Indus	Near Mansarovar Lake	Arabian Sea	2880
Ravi	Kullu Hills near Rohtang Pass	Chenab	720
Beas	Near Rohtang Pass	Satluj	470
Jhelum	Verinag in Kashmir	Chenab	725
Yamuna	Yamunotri	Ganga	1375
Chambal	M.P.	Yamuna	1050
Ghagra	Matsatung Glacier	Ganga	1080
Kosi	Near Gosain Dham Park	Ganga	730
Betwa	Vindhyanchal	Yamuna	480
Son	Amarkantak	Ganga	780
Brahmaputra	Near Mansarovar Lake	Bay of Bengal	2900
Narmada	Amarkantak	Gulf of Khambat	1057
Tapti	Betul Distt. Of MP	Gulf of Khambat	724
Mahanadi	Raipur Distt. In Chattisgarh	Bay of Bengal	858
Luni	Aravallis	Rann of kuchchh	450
Ghaggar	Himalayas	Near Fatehabad	494
Sabarmati	Aravallis	Gulf of Khambat	416
Krishna	Western ghats	Bay of Bengal	1327
Godavari	Nasik distt. In Maharashtra	Bay of Bengal	1465
Cauvery	Brahmagir Range of Western Ghats	Bay of Bengal	805
Tungabhadra	Western Ghats	Krishna River	640

Narmada, Tapti (MP) , Luni ( Rajasthan) , Sabarmati (Gujrat ) are east to west flowing rivers of India.

Following are the National Parks in India with their location

Gir Forests	Home of Asiatic Lion, In Gujrat
Kaziranga Sanctuary	One horned rhino, in Asom,
Manas Sanctuary	One horned rhino, in Asom,
Chandraprabha Sanctuary	Home of Asiatic Lion, in UP
Ghana or Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary	In Bharatpur, Home of tiger
Dachigam Sanctuary	For Hangul, In Kashmir
Corbett National Park	In Uttarakhand, Home of tiger
Kanha National Park	In MP
Shiv Puri National Park	In MP
Hazaribagh National Park	In Jharkhand
Pariyar Game Sanctuary	In Kerala
Dudhwa National Park	In UP
Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary	In TN
Nokrek National Park	In Meghalaya
Sariska Sanctuary	In Rajasthan
Ranthambhor National Park	In Rajasthan
Namdapha National Park	In Arunachal Pradesh
Kelbut Lmjo Floating National Park	In Manipur
Palamau tiger project	In Bihar
Simlipal National Park	In Orrisa
Ranganthittoo Bird Sanctuary	In Mysur, Karnataka
Nagarhore National Park	In Karnataka
Mudumalai Sanctuary	In TN.
Balpakaram Sanctuary	In Meghalaya
Bandipur Sanctuary	Along the Karnataka- Tamil Nadu Border
Jaldapara Sanctuary	In West Bengal. For rthinos
Wild Ass Sanctuary	In Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, for wild ass.

Following are the major Ports in India.

Western Coast	Eastern Coast
Kandla (child of partition)	Kolkata-Haldia (riverine port)
Mumbai (busiest and biggest)	Paradip (exports raw iron to Japan)
Jawahar Lal Nehru (fastest growing)	Vishakjapatnam (deepest port)
Marmugao (naval base also)	Chennai (oldest and artifical)
Mangalore (exports Kudremukh iron-ore)	Ennore (most modern-in private hands)
Cochin (natural Harbour)	Tuticorin (southernmost )

Uttar Pradesh border maximum number of states:- 8 (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Bihar)
Tropic of Cancer कर्क रेखा passes through 8 (Eight) states:- Gujara, Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.
India standard Meridian (82030’ E meridian)भूमध्य रेखा passes through UP, MP, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh.

Climate - India has 'Tropical Monsoon' type of climate. The word monsoon has been derived from the Arabic word 'Mausim' which means seasonal reversal of the winds during the course of the year. Alternating seasons is the chief characteristic of India's Climate. The South-West Monsoon Season: This season begins in June and lasts until September. The bulk of rainfall is received during this season in almost every part of India except Tamil Nadu, which receives it share of rainfall in Oct-Nov.

FACTS ABOUT INDIA

Please visit http://www.facts-about-india.com/ for details. Beautiful informative map of India is available on site.

Rashtra Geet (राष्ट्र गीत) refers to the National Song of India which is Vande Mataram while Rashtra Gaan (राष्ट्र गान) refers to the National Anthem of India which is Jana Gana Mana.
India shares its political borders with Pakistan and Afghanistan on the west and Bangladesh and Myanmar on the east. The northern boundary is made up of the Sinkiang province of China, Tibet, Nepal and Bhutan. India is seperated from Sri Lanka by a narrow channel of sea formed by the Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar.

Administrative Division

29 States and 7 Union Territories.

National Animal – Tigre, National fruit- Mango , National bird – Peacock. , National flower – Lotus. National tree- Bargad (Banyan), National calendar – SAKA (HINDI) Chaitra –baishakh… along with Gregorian calendar –Jan- Feb …. .( Pope Gregory XIII or the calendar he introduced in 1582)

· Saka Year 1937 – the Indian National Calendar 2015 - Hindu Calendar followed by Government of India. Vikram samvat is 2072 . Saka and Vikram both are hindu calendars with starting from Chaitra month but the difference is that Saka Samvat starts from 78 AD, whereas Vikram Samvat starts from 57 BC.

The National Flag is a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron (kesaria) at the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom in equal proportion. The ratio of width of the flag to its length is two to three. In the centre of the white band is a navy-blue wheel which represents the chakra.
The top saffron colour, indicates the strength and courage of the country. The white middle band indicates peace and truth with Dharma Chakra. The green shows the fertility, growth and auspiciousness of the land.
Its design is that of the wheel which appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. Its diameter approximates to the width of the white band and it has 24 spokes. The design of the National Flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 22 July 1947.
The emblem of India is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath, preserved in the Varansi Sarnath Museum in India.
The actual Sarnath capital including four Asiatic lions standing back to back - symbolizing power, courage, pride, and confidence - mounted on a circular base. At the bottom it has 1 horse & a bull, at its centre it has a beautiful wheel (Dharma chakra).

Forming an integral part of the emblem is the motto inscribed below the abacus in Devanagari script: Satyameva jayate सत्यमेव जयते (English: Truth Alone Triumphs).^[2] This is a quote from Mundaka Upanishad,^[3] the concluding part of the sacred Hindu Vedas.
Important dance forms -Bharat Natyam,(Tamilnadu) Khathakali (Kerala), Kathak,(North India) Manipur, Kuchipudi(Andhra Pradesh ) and Odissi.(Odisha)

The first woman IPS officer	Mrs. Kiran Bedi
The first and last Muslim woman ruler of India	Razia Sultan
The first woman to receive Nobel Prize	Mother Teresa
The first woman to receive Bharat Ratna	Mrs Indira Gandhi
The first woman IPS officer	Mrs. Kiran Bedi
The first and last Muslim woman ruler of India	Razia Sultan
The first woman Chief Minister of an Indian State	Mrs Sucheta Kripalani
The first woman to climb Mount Everest	Bachhendri Pal
The first woman Governor of a state in free India	Mrs Sarojini Naidu
The firs Speaker of the Lok Sabha	Ganesh Vasudeva Mavalankar
The first Vice-President of India	Dr. Radhakrishnan
The first Education Minister	Abdul Kalam Azad
The first Home minister of India	Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
India’s first man in Space	Rakesh Sharma

Constitution of India

Head of the Constitution drafting committee – Dr. B.R.Ambedkar.
Constitution came into effect from 26 Jan 1950.
Our constitution gives us Right to freedom and thereunder article 19 gives us right to freedom of speech and expression .
- The Indian constitution originally with 395 articles, 22 parts and 8 schedules is the lengthiest written constitution in the world.
President of India is the head of the Union Executive. President of India is also Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces.
Indirectly elected by Elected members of both the Houses of Parliament (Rajya sabha / Lok sabha) & Elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States(Vidhan sabha)

· Term is 5 years. Article 57 says that there is no upper limit on the number of times a person can become President.

MAJOR WORLD EVENTS – 2015

Iran and 6 world powers reach nuclear deal. (04-03-2015

Earthquake 7.9 Magnitude hits Nepal. (04-24-2015,

Migrant crisis of Europe. (08-30-2015,

Flowing liquid water found on Mars. (09-25-2015,

Paris terrorist attack, hundreds dead. (11-13-2015,

MAJOR NATIONAL EVENTS – 2015 (INDIA)

1 January – NITI Aayog was established to replace Planning Commission of India.

26 January – Republic Day celebrations were held, US President Barack Obama was the chief guest.

24 March – Supreme Court of India declared Section 66A of the Information Technology Act, 2000 unconstitutional.

27 March – Bharat Ratna was awarded to former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayeealong with Late Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya .

8 April. -The Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Bank (MUDRA Bank) was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The financial institution aims to provide financing to small entrepreneurs.

5 May – The Akash missile was inducted into the Indian Army

7 May – The Parliament passed the Constitution (119th Amendment) Bill, 2013. It would allow India to solve its territorial disputes with Bangladesh.

9 May – Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched 3 large-scale social security schemes, Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana, and Atal Pension Yojana, at Nazrul Mancha in Kolkata.

11 May – India nominated K. V. Kamath as the head of the New Development Bank.

21 June – The first International Yoga Day was held.^[60]

29 June – India signed the legal framework of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and pledged US$8.3 billion towards it.

1 July – The Digital India programme was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

10 July Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) decided to induct India as a full member.^[64]

ISRO launched 5 UK satellites with a total payload of 1,440 kg using the PSLV-C28 launch vehicle

26 August – Demonstrations demanding reservations for the Patel community began in Gujarat. The following clashes killed at least 8. The army was deployed in select areas.

25 September – Anti-India protests erupted in Nepal over the blockade of trade routes. Madhesi and Tharu ethnic groups had blocked the routes, by doing a dharna on the no man's land, after Nepal's new constitution was deemed unfavorable to the ethnic groups living in the Terai plains. Nepali politicians said that such a blockade is not possible without the approval of the Indian government.

2 October – Environment Minister Prakash Javadekar announced India's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It set a target of reducing its emission intensity by 33-35%, by 2030 from 2005 levels.^[92]

16 October The Supreme Court of India declared National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) to be unconstitutional.^[97]

22 October – Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of Amaravati, the new capital of Andhra Pradesh

26 October – The third India–Africa Forum Summit began in New Delhi.

31 October – The birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was observed as Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day)

MAJOR EVENTS OF NOVEMBER 2015

Union Ministry of Finance on 13 November 2015 constituted the Governing Council (GC) of the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF).
The GC will be chaired by the Union Finance Minister and has following five members
• Secretary, DEA
• Secretary, Financial Services
• Arundhati Bhattacharya
• Hemendra Kothari
• T V Mohandas Pai

Its objective is to back new and stressed projects and help restart the investment cycle.
• It was proposed by the Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley in his Budget 2015-16.
• It was approved by the Union Cabinet on 23 July 2015 with an initial corpus of 20000 crore rupees.
• It was set up as a fund under the provisions of the Indian Trusts Act, 1882.

AMRUT Action Plans for 81 cities approved with total project outlay of 5748 crore rupees

With this approval, number of cities covered under AMRUT went up to 170 across 8 states with a total project expenditure of 8534 crore rupees.

International Day for Tolerance observed across the world

In 1996, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) by its resolution 51/95 invited UN Member States to observe the International Day for Tolerance on 16 Novembe

Terrorist attack in Paris; Hundreds Killed

It is the deadliest violence to strike France since World War II and the second major terror incident in 2015 after the Charlie Hebdo Shooting.

RBI Governor Dr Raghuram Rajan elected as Vice-Chairman on BIS Board

With this, he became the first Indian to be elected the vice-chairman of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS).

Subir Gokarn appointed as IMF's Executive Director

Gokarn’s name was cleared by Appointments Committee of Cabinet presided by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, as per an order issued by the Department of Personnel and Training.

Justice AP Shah appointed as the Ethics Officer (Ombudsman) at BCCI

He will preside as the sole decision maker on all conflict of interest issues plaguing Indian cricket.

Srinivasan removed as ICC Chairman; Shashank Manohar to take his place

Former India captain and current Cricket Association of Bengal (CAB) president Sourav Ganguly will replace Anil Kumble as the chairman of BCCI’s technical committee.

Union Government issued notification for implementation of OROP

The notification is in tune with the modalities for implementation announced on 5 September 2015.

Grand Alliance won the 2015 Assembly Elections of Bihar with two-thirds majority

Grand Alliance of RJD, JD(U) and INC with thumping two-third majority emerged as the winner of the election.

Union Government decided to impose 0.5% Swachh Bharat Cess on all services

It will be levied in addition to the 14 percent service tax that is in force now.

PM Narendra Modi launched three gold related schemes

The schemes are – Gold Monetization Scheme, Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme and Indian Gold Coins.

Forbes list of World's Most Powerful People 2015 released

The list was topped by Russian President Vladimir Putin, who is followed by Angela Merkel and Barack Obama. Narendra Modi was ranked at 9th position.

TOP POWERFUL MEN/WOMEN LIST
Present Mahila governors – 1) Mridula Sinha (Goa) 2) Draupadi Murmu (Jharkhand)

Earlier Mahila Governors in Indian states.- Sheila Dixit (Kerala), Margaret Alva (Rajasthan) Kamla Beniwal (Gujrat). Smt. Pratibha Patil (Rajasthan) Vijay Laxmi Pandit (Maharashtra), Sarojini Naidu UP

Present Lady Chief Ministers – Mamta Banerjee WB, Vasundhara Raje Rajasthan, Anandi Ben Patel Gujrat , Jay Lalita – Tamilnadu

Earlier Lady Chief ministers – Sucheta Kriplani UP , Nandini Shatpathy Orissa , Shashikala Kakodkar Goa, Mayawati UP, Rabri Devi Bihar, Shushma Swaraj and Sheila Dixit Delhi, Uma Bharti MP

Lady Head of the states in the world.

· Yingluck Shinawatra, Prime Minister of Thailand

· Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany Present

· Dilma Rousseff, President of Brazil Present

· Julia Gillard, Prime Minister of Australia

· Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President of Liberia Present

· Sheik Hasina Wajed, Prime Minister of Bangladesh Present

· Kamla Persad-Bissessar, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago Present.

Sirimao Bhandarnayke – Sri Lanka

Margaret Thechar – UK

Khalida Zia – Bangla Desh

Indira Gandhi – India.

President Bidhya Devi Bhandari, Nepal –Present, Park GEUN HYE –SOUTH KOREA

Forbes most powerful women of the world.

1) Angela Merkel , German chancellor 2) Hillary Clinton US 3)Melinda gates US 4) Janet yellen Chairman Federal Reserve 5) Mary Bara 6) Christine Lagarde IMF , 7) Dilma rossef Brazil 8) Sheryl Sandberg, 9) Susan Wojcicki 10) Michelle Obama.

ARUNDHATI Bhattacharya SBI, and Chanda kochar are at 30^th and 35^th

place .

Forbes most powerful people of the world.

Vladimir Putin – Russia, Angela Markel – Germany, Barack Obama –US , Pope Francis, Xi Jinping – China , Bill Gates, Janet Yellen , David Cameroon, Narendra modi – India, Lary page- Google.

India – bank heads – women

Arundhati Bhattacharya, SBI Chanda Kochar, - icici , Shikha Sharma- Axis bank , Bharatiya mahila bank – Usha Anantsubramanium

INDIAN STATES , CAPITAL AND CHIEF MINISTERS jUNE 2015

States (in alphabetical order)	Capital City	Minister – Political party
Andhra Pradesh	Hyderabad (shared with Telangana)	Chandrababu Naidu
Arunachal Pradesh	Itanagar	Nabam Tuki – Congress
Assam	Dispur	Tarun Gogoi (Congress)
Bihar	Patna	Nitish Kumar (JDU)
Chhattisgarh	Raipur	Raman Singh (BJP)
Goa	Panaji	Laxmikant Parsekar (BJP)
Gujarat	Gandhinagar	Anandiben Patel (BJP)
Haryana	Chandigarh (shared with Punjab)	Manohar Lal Khatter (BJP)
Himachal Pradesh	Shimla	Virbhadra Singh (Congress)
Jammu & Kashmir	Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter)	Mufti Mohammed Sayeed (PDP)
Jharkhand	Ranchi	Raghubar Das (BJP)
Karnataka	Bangalore	Siddaramaiah (Congress)
Kerala	Thiruvananthapuram	Oomen Chandy (Congress)
Madhya Pradesh	Bhopal	Shivraj Singh Chauhan (BJP)
Maharashtra	Mumbai	Devendra Fadnavis (BJP)
Manipur	Imphal	Okram Ibobi Singh (Congress)
Meghalaya	Shillong	Mukul Sangma (Congress)
Mizoram	Aizawl	Pu Lalthanhawla (Congress)
Nagaland	Kohima	T.R. Zeliang (Nagaland People’s Front)
Odisha (Orissa)	Bhubaneshwar	Naveen Patnaik (BJD)
Punjab	Chandigarh (shared with Haryana)	Parkash Singh Badal (SAD)
Rajasthan	Jaipur	Vasundhara Raje (BJP)
Sikkim	Gangtok	Pawan Chamling (SDF)
Tamil Nadu	Chennai	Jayalalithaa Jayaram (AIADMK)
Telangana (from June 2, 2014)	Hyderabad (shared with Andhra Pradesh)	K Chandrashekhar Rao (TRS)
Tripura	Agartala	Manik Sarkar (CPM)
Uttar Pradesh	Lucknow	Akhilesh Yadav (SP)
Uttarakhand	Dehradun	Harish Rawat (Congress)
West Bengal	Kolkata	Mamata Banerjee (Trinamool Congress)

Here’s the list of all Indian Union Territories, capitals and governing bodies:

Union territory (in alphabetical order)	Capital City	Minister/ Governor – Political party (if applicable)
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	Port Blair	Central government rule
Chandigarh	Chandigarh	Mayor - Harphool Chandra Kalyan
Dadra and Nagar Haveli	Silvassa	B.S. Bhalla – IAS Officer
Daman and Diu	Daman	B.S. Bhalla – IAS Officer
Lakshadweep	Kavaratti	H. Rajesh Prasad IAS Officer
Delhi – National Capital Territory	Delhi	Arvind Kejriwal (AAP)
Puducherry (Pondicherry)	Pondicherry

PARIS CONFERENCE ON CLIMATE CHANGE

The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21 or CMP 11 will be held in Le Bourget,(A suburb of Paris ) from November 30 to December 11.^[1] It will be the 21st yearly session of the Conference of the Parties to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 11th session of the Meeting of the Parties to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol.^[2] The conference objective is to achieve a legally binding and universal agreement on climate, from all the nations of the world.^[3][4] Leadership of the negotiations is yet to be determined.
Organised by United Nations. The overarching goal of the Convention is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to limit the global temperature increase to 2 °C above pre-industrial levels.
China is the world's top emitter, with 10,260MtCO2e, followed by the US and India. Australia is the largest emitter per capita Source: World Resources Institute (2011 data)
India’s Targets By 2030, India will reduce emissions intensity by at least 33 per cent of 2005 levels, PM Modi says.

40 per cent of installed power capacity will be from non-fossil fuel sources.

India will have 175GW of renewables by 2022 and will have imposed levies on coal and rationalised subsidies on petroleum products.

Greenhouse effect not always bad, it maintains earth temp at sustainable level for life to exist on earth

The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth’s surface. When the Sun’s energy reaches the Earth’s atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases.
Greenhouse gases include water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and some artificial chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
The absorbed energy warms the atmosphere and the surface of the Earth. This process maintains the Earth’s temperature at around 33 degrees Celsius warmer than it would otherwise be, allowing life on Earth to exist.

Enhanced greenhouse effect. Excess is bad

The problem we now face is that human activities – particularly burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), agriculture and land clearing – are increasing the concentrations of greenhouse gases. This is the enhanced greenhouse effect, which is contributing to warming of the Earth.

· PM Shri Narendra modi is attending inaugural session and thereafter India will be represented by our Environment minister Shri Prakash Javdekar.

· United nations chief is Ban ki moon , eighth Secretary General of UN is from South korea.

· Present world bank president is Jim Yong Kim is also South Korea born American citizen.

· Christine lagarde , a French lawyer and Politician, heading International Monetary Fund as MD.

GST
The GST regime is intended to be functional from 1st April, 2016. it needs two-third majority of both houses and 50 percent of the state assemblies will have to ratify it.
The main function of the GST is to transform India into a uniform market by breaking the current fiscal barrier between states. Thus the GST will facilitate a uniform tax levied on goods and services across the country. Taxes such as excise duty, service, central sales tax, VAT ( value added tax), entry tax or octroi will all be subsumed by the GST under a single umbrella.
GST will be instrumental in helping the GDP of India to grow by 2 percent. Although the states have feared loss of fiscal powers, the Constitutional amendment bill has promised to solve this by giving compensation packages for three years for any kind of revenue loss.

10 YEARS OF SHIVRAJ SINGH CHOUHAN

· On Sunday 29^th Nov. Shri Shivraj singh Chouhan becomes longest serving Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh. He breaks the record of Shri Digvijaysingh of Congress.

· In these 10 years GDP of state risen from -4% to 10.2%.

· Highest industrial growth rate in India at 9%.

· Agriculture – Food grain production more than doubled. Wheat production highest in India. Krishi karman puraskaar three times.

· Power deficit to power surplus state.

· Sound infrastructure – roads , highways , metro rail projects.

· Per capita income increased from 13000 to 59000 per year.

Sovereign Gold bond. – Good response – 63000 applications aggregating 917 kg. amounting to 246 crore. L
RBI monetary policy review due on 1^st December . Governor likely to hold rates
CONSTITUTION DAY - 26^th November ( it was also National Milk day)

· It took 2 years , 11 months and 17 days to compile the world’s longest constitution. On 29^th August 1947 a drafting committee was formed headed by Dr B R Ambedkar. It was adopted by the constituent assembly on 26 Nov 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950.

· So far our constitution has been amended 100 times, last being the India Bangladesh boundary resolution in May 2015.

· Amendment can be passed by the majority of both houses separately and two third of the members present in the respective houses. (Lok sabha and Rajya sabha).

· The original copy of the constitution is neither typographed nor printed but is handwritten and kept in the library of Parliament.

· The Parliament will comprise Rajya sabha as Upper house and Loksabha as lower house. The strength of Rajya sabha is 245 and lok sabha is 545 . In Rajya sabha 12 members are nominated by the president and 233 are elected by Lagislative assembly members (rajyon ki vidhan sabha ke sadasya) and legislative councils. The term of its members is 6 years and 1/3^rd of its members retire every 2year’s block.

· The lok sabha members are elected by the people directly and their term is 5 years. Two members of lok sabha are nominated by president from Anglo Indian community. Hence 543 members are elected to the Lok sabha.

6 comments:

amresh singhJanuary 12, 2017 at 9:19 PM
sir your input is really very useful
we are group of students from maharashtra and we follow you regularly and got benefited so much .sir please give us insight of maharashtra state related rrb material .
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